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Obesity and heredity: a discovery that could advance the prevention from early childhood



There are several degrees of severe obesity, severe obesity or morbid obesity. There is talk of obesity in adults when the body mass index (BMI) greater than 30. BMI is the ratio of the weight (in kilograms) to height (in meters) squared.
It is important to monitor the development of this disease since it is accompanied among other high risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancers and diabetes.
Since more than twenty years, obesity in France continues to grow. This trend is often by environmental factors such as physical inactivity and bad habits such as poor diet, lack of physical exercise. However, it seems that 70% of obese these factors have no impact on their illness. Obesity would be for them as inevitable: it results purely hereditary factors, with a questioning of certain genes.
Since 2009, several international research teams, led by the CNRS and INSERM have collaborated to produce the first genetic map of severe obesity. This study involving approximately 2800 people became interested in their genome. The researchers have in fact highlighted three new genes involved in the increased risk of obesity and weight gain for a portion of the population. For those concerned, even the strict binding plans would apparently without effect against weight gain.
According to this research, these genes are the cause of problems related to a behavior, especially in the control of appetite! Both genes put into causes are called FTO and MC4R and thus play a role in obesity and weight gain, automatically disrupting feeding behavior. The existence of genetic polymorphisms has also been demonstrated.
The results of this study allow to project in time. Thus, the decryption of this genetic map could identify early risk of obesity in childhood and thus offer food including shares or preventive medical treatment to limit its development.
In general, although the obesity genes were discovered, this does not reduce the risks due to external factors such as diet, physical inactivity or degree of physical exercise. The identification of these genes only concerns part of people with this disease. Overweight risks are often related to poor diet and a lifestyle unsuitable and harmful to health. It is therefore important to regularly monitor the lifestyle and regular physical activity, this means for both adults and children.
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Gilbert Trabbaux

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